Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae

Tóm tắt

Bạch thược (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), thuộc họ Paeoniaceae (họ Mẫu đơn), là dược liệu quý trong y học cổ truyền. Phân bố chủ yếu ở các vùng bản địa như Amur, Mãn Châu, Nội Mông, và được di thực vào các quốc gia như Anh, Hàn Quốc và Mỹ. Tại Việt Nam, dược liệu này chủ yếu được nhập khẩu từ Trung Quốc, với một số vùng đã trồng thử nghiệm ở Sa Pa (Lào Cai) từ năm 1960. Trong y học cổ truyền, bạch thược được sử dụng để bổ huyết, dưỡng âm, thư cân, bình can và chỉ thống. Dược liệu này chủ trị các bệnh như huyết hư, kinh nguyệt không đều, mồ hôi trộm, đau bụng, đau đầu và co rút chân tay. Về thành phần hóa học, bạch thược chứa các glycosides như paeoniflorin (biomarker), albiflorin, polyphenols, tannin, saponin và flavonoid, với paeoniflorin là tiêu chuẩn định lượng trong nhiều dược điển quốc tế. Tác dụng dược lý của bạch thược bao gồm kháng viêm, giảm đau, an thần, trừ đờm và tác dụng kháng khuẩn đối với nhiều loại vi trùng. Dược liệu này được ứng dụng rộng rãi trong các bài thuốc truyền thống và hiện đại, đáp ứng nhiều nhu cầu điều trị bệnh lý về khí huyết, đau nhức và rối loạn kinh nguyệt.

I. Thông tin về dược liệu

Định danh

• Dược liệu tiếng Việt: Bạch Thược - Rễ
• Dược liệu tiếng Trung: nan (nan)
• Dược liệu tiếng Anh: nan
• Dược liệu latin thông dụng: Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae
• Dược liệu latin kiểu DĐVN: Fructus Gleditsiae Australis
• Dược liệu latin kiểu DĐVN: Radix Paeoniae Alba
• Dược liệu latin kiểu thông tư: nan
• Bộ phận dùng: Rễ (Radix)

Mô tả dược liệu

Theo dược điển Việt nam V: Rễ hình trụ tròn, thẳng hoặc đôi khi hơi uốn cong, hai đầu phẳng; đều nhau hoặc một đầu to hơn, dài 5 cm đến 18 cm, đường kính 1 cm đến 2,5 cm. Mặt ngoài hơi trắng hoặc hồng nhạt, đôi khi có màu nâu thẫm, nhẵn hoặc có nếp nhăn dọc và vết tích của rễ nhỏ. Chất rắn chắc, nặng, khó bẻ gãy. Mặt cắt phẳng màu trắng ngà hoặc hơi phớt hồng, vỏ hẹp, gỗ thành tia rõ đôi khi có khe nứt. Không mùi. Vị hơi đắng và chua Dược liệu thái lát: Lát mỏng gần tròn, bên ngoài nhẵn mịn, màu trắng hoặc hơi phớt hồng. Vị hơi đắng và chua.

Mô tả dược liệu theo thông tư chế biến dược liệu theo phương pháp cổ truyền: nan

Chế biến

Chế biến theo dược điển việt nam V: Đào lấy rễ, rửa sạch đất cát, cắt bỏ đầu đuôi và rễ con, cạo sạch vỏ ngoài sau đổ luộc chín hoặc luộc chín rồi bỏ vỏ, phơi khô hoặc thái lát phơi khô. Dược liệu thái lát: Lấy rễ chưa thái lát, làm ẩm, ủ mềm, thái lát mỏng, phơi khô.

Chế biến theo thông tư: nan

II. Thông tin về thực vật

Dược liệu Bạch Thược - Rễ từ bộ phận Rễ từ loài Paeonia lactiflora.

Mô tả thực vật: Bạch thược hay thược dược là một cây sống lâu năm, cao 50 - 80 cm, rễ củ to, thân mọc thẳng đứng, không có lông. Lá mọc so le, xẻ sâu thành 3 - 7 thùy hình trứng dài 8 - 12 cm, rộng 2 - 4 cm, mép nguyên, phía cuống hơi hồng. Hoa rất to mọc đơn độc, cánh hoa màu trắng. Mùa hoa ở Trung Quốc vào các tháng 5 - 7, mùa quả vào các tháng 6 - 7.

Tài liệu tham khảo: “Những cây thuốc và vị thuốc Việt Nam” - Đỗ Tất Lợi Trong dược điển Việt nam, loài Paeonia lactiflora được sử dụng làm dược liệu.

Phân loại thực vật của Paeonia lactiflora

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Tracheophyta

Order: Saxifragales

Family: Paeoniaceae

Genus: Paeonia

Species: Paeonia lactiflora

Phân bố trên thế giới: Germany, Switzerland, Czechia, Korea, Republic of, Netherlands, Hungary, Poland, Sweden, Mongolia, Belarus, Russian Federation, Estonia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Slovakia, United States of America, China, Norway, Canada, Armenia, Austria, Belgium

Phân bố tại Việt nam: Không có ghi nhận ở Việt Nam

III. Thành phần hóa học

Theo tài liệu của GS. Đỗ Tất Lợi: (1) Nhóm hóa học: Glycosides (Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin…), Polyphenols, Tannin, Saponin, Flavonoid. (2) Biomarker trong dược điển Việt Nam: Paeoniflorin Biomarker trong dược điển Hồng Kông: Paeoniflorin Biomarker trong dược điển Trung Quốc: Paeoniflorin Biomarker trong dược điển Đài Loan: Paeoniflorin và Albiflorin.

Theo cơ sở dữ liệu lotus, loài Paeonia lactiflora đã phân lập và xác định được 256 hoạt chất thuộc về các nhóm Cinnamic acids and derivatives, Dibenzylbutane lignans, Carboxylic acids and derivatives, Dihydrofurans, Diarylheptanoids, Organooxygen compounds, Benzene and substituted derivatives, Lactones, Prenol lipids, 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids, Stilbenes, Tannins, Oxanes, Steroids and steroid derivatives, Depsides and depsidones, Fatty Acyls, Pyridines and derivatives, Benzofurans, Flavonoids, Phenol ethers, Heteroaromatic compounds, Saturated hydrocarbons, Phenols trong bảng dưới đây.

chemicalTaxonomyClassyfireClass	smiles_count
2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids	618
Benzene and substituted derivatives	803
Benzofurans	166
Carboxylic acids and derivatives	13
Cinnamic acids and derivatives	38
Depsides and depsidones	45
Diarylheptanoids	1560
Dibenzylbutane lignans	132
Dihydrofurans	17
Fatty Acyls	159
Flavonoids	482
Heteroaromatic compounds	9
Lactones	176
Organooxygen compounds	1169
Oxanes	44
Phenol ethers	24
Phenols	107
Prenol lipids	6836
Pyridines and derivatives	9
Saturated hydrocarbons	16
Steroids and steroid derivatives	288
Stilbenes	102
Tannins	8444

Danh sách chi tiết các hoạt chất như sau:

Nhóm 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids.

Nhóm Benzene and substituted derivatives.

Nhóm Benzofurans.

Nhóm Carboxylic acids and derivatives.

Nhóm Cinnamic acids and derivatives.

Nhóm Depsides and depsidones.

Nhóm Diarylheptanoids.

Nhóm Dibenzylbutane lignans.

Nhóm Dihydrofurans.

Nhóm Fatty Acyls.

Nhóm Flavonoids.

Nhóm Heteroaromatic compounds.

Nhóm Lactones.

Nhóm Organooxygen compounds.

Nhóm Oxanes.

Nhóm Phenol ethers.

Nhóm Phenols.

Nhóm Prenol lipids.

Nhóm Pyridines and derivatives.

Nhóm Saturated hydrocarbons.

Nhóm Steroids and steroid derivatives.

Nhóm Stilbenes.

Nhóm Tannins.

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IV. Tác dụng dược lý

Theo tài liệu quốc tế: nan

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V. Dược điển Việt Nam V

Soi bột

Bột màu trắng. Soi kính hiển vi thấy: Các khối tinh bột bị hồ hóa. Tinh thể calxi oxalat đường kính 11 µm đến 35 µm xếp thành hàng hay rải rác trong tế bào mô mềm; mạch mạng có đường kính 20 µm đến 65 µm. Sợi gỗ dài, đường kính 15 µm đến 40 µm, thành dày hơi hóa gỗ.

Vi phẫu

nan

Định tính

Phương pháp sắc ký lớp mỏng (Phụ lục 5.4). Bản mỏng: Silica gel G. Dung môi khai triển: Cloroform – ethyl acetat- methanol – acid formic(40 : 5:10: 0,2). Dung dịch thử: Lấy 0,5 g bột dược liệu, thêm 10 ml ethanol 96 % (TT), lắc kỹ trong 5 min, lọc. Bốc hơi dịch lọc đến khô, hòa tan cắn trong 2 ml ethanol 96 % (TT) được dung dịch thử. Dung dịch đối chiếu: Hòa tan paeoniflorin chuẩn trong ethanol 96 % (TT) được dung dịch có chứa 1 mg/ml. Nếu không có paeoniflorin chuẩn thì lấy 0,5 g bột Bạch thược (mẫu chuẩn), tiến hành chiết như mô tả ở phần Dung dịch thử. Cách tiến hành: Chấm riêng rẽ lên bản mỏng 10 pl mỗi dung dịch trên. Triển khai sắc ký xong, lấy bản mỏng ra để khô ở nhiệt độ phòng. Phun dung dịch vanilin 5 % trong acid sulfuric (TT), sấy ở 105 °c đến khi xuất hiện rõ vết. Trên sắc ký đồ, dung dịch thử phải có vết cùng giá trị Rf và màu sắc với vệt của paeoniflorin hoặc phải có các vệt cùng giá trị Rf và màu sắc với các vết trên sắc ký đồ của dung dịch đối chiếu.

Định lượng

Không được ít hơn 22,0 % tính theo dược liệu khô kiệt. Tiến hành theo phương pháp chiết nóng (Phụ lục 12.10), dùng nước làm dung môi.nPhương pháp sắc ký lòng (Phụ lục 5.3). Pha động: Acetoniíriỉ- dung dịch acid phosphoric 0.1 % (14:86)7 Dung dịch chuẩn: Cân chính xác một lượng paeoniflorin chuẩn và hòa tan trong methanol (TT) để được dung dịch có nồng độ khoảng 60 µ/ml Dung dịch thử: Cân chính xác khoảng 0,1 g bột dược liệu vào bình định mức 50 ml, thêm 35 ml ethanol 50 % (TT), lắc siêu âm trong 30 min, để nguội, thêm ethanol 50 % (TT) đến vạch, lắc đều, lọc qua giấy lọc thường, bỏ 10 ml dịch lọc đầu, lọc dịch lọc sau qua màng lọc 0,45 pm được dung dịch thử. Điều kiện sắc ký: Cột kích thước (25 cm X 4,6 mm) được nhồi pha tĩnh C (5 pm). Detector quang phổ tử ngoại đặt ờ bước sóng 230 nm Tốc độ dòng: 1 ml/min. Thể tích tiêm: 10 pl. Cách tiến hành: Tiến hành sắc ký dung dịch chuẩn theo điều kiện đã mô tả, tính số đĩa lý thuyết của cột. số đĩa lý thuyết tính theo pic paeoniflorin không được dưới 2000. Tiến hành sắc ký dung dịch chuẩn và dung dịch thử theo điều kiện đã mô tả, ghi sắc ký đồ. Căn cứ vào diện tích pic thu được từ dung dịch thử, dung dịch chuẩn và hàm lượng C23H 28O 11 của paeoniflorin chuẩn, tính hàm lượng paeonidorin trong dược liệu. Dược liệu phải chứa ít nhất 1,6 % paeoniflorin (C23H 28O 11) tính theo dược liệu khô kiệt.

Thông tin khác

• Độ ẩm: Không quá 12,0 % (Phụ lục 9.6, 1 g, 100 °c, 5 h).
• Bảo quản: Để nơi khô, mát, tránh mốc, mọt.

VI. Dược điển Hồng kong

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VII. Y dược học cổ truyền

nan

Tên vị thuốc: nan

Tính: nan

Vị: nan

Quy kinh: nan

Công năng chủ trị: Khổ, toan, vi hàn. Vào các kinh tỳ, can, phế.

Phân loại theo thông tư: nan

Tác dụng theo y dược cổ truyền: nan

Chú ý: nan

Kiêng kỵ: Đầy bụng không nên dùng. Không dùng cùng Lê lônn

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids là (z)-ε-viniferin (LTS0193672), (1s,2r,4s,10r,11r,18r)-4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,10,18-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,10,11,18-tetramethyl-9-oxahexacyclo[9.7.2.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁹.0⁸,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁷]icosa-5(19),6,8(20),12,14,16-hexaene-6,14,16-triol (LTS0089196), (1r,2r,3r,9s,10r,17r)-3,9-bis(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,17-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxapentacyclo[8.7.2.0⁴,¹⁸.0⁷,¹⁹.0¹¹,¹⁶]nonadeca-4(18),5,7(19),11,13,15-hexaene-5,14-diol (LTS0153338), (1s,2r,4s,10r,11r,18s)-4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,10,18-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,10,11,18-tetramethyl-9-oxahexacyclo[9.7.2.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁹.0⁸,²⁰.0¹²,¹⁷]icosa-5(19),6,8(20),12,14,16-hexaene-6,14,16-triol (LTS0181985), gnetin h (LTS0015265), (+)-ε-viniferin (LTS0061551).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Benzene and substituted derivatives là p-hydroxybenzoic acid (LTS0263634), 3-tert-butylphenol (LTS0079480), [(1r,3s,6r,8r)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,9-dioxatricyclo[4.3.1.0³,⁸]decan-10-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0041046), methyl eugenol (LTS0098881), methyl anisate (LTS0113372), 2-phenyl-ethanol (LTS0206341), ethyl salicylate (LTS0192103), {8-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,9-dioxatricyclo[4.3.1.0³,⁸]decan-10-yl}methyl benzoate (LTS0151792), benzoic acid (LTS0145871), benzyl benzoate (LTS0097515), benzaldehyde (LTS0094193), methyl o-anisate (LTS0074014), {1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxobicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-6-yl}methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0200576), galop (LTS0222857), ethyl benzoate (LTS0211245), methyl gallate (LTS0043810), {1-[(4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyloxy)methyl]-3-{5,7-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.0³,⁹]nona-3,6(9)-dien-1-yloxy}-5,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl}methyl benzoate (LTS0032117), methyl benzoate (LTS0225398), [(3s,5r,6s)-3-[(1r)-5,7-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.0³,⁹]nona-3,6(9)-dien-1-yloxy]-5,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl-1-[(3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyloxy)methyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl]methyl 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0157905), 2-ethoxybenzoic acid (LTS0047887), phenylacetaldehyde (LTS0245512), methyl salicylate (LTS0128373), [(1s,3s,6r,8r)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,9-dioxatricyclo[4.3.1.0³,⁸]decan-10-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0015209), paeoniflorone (LTS0057218), paeonilactone c (LTS0229310), benzyl alcohol (LTS0125638).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Benzofurans là (6s)-6-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-3h-1-benzofuran-2,5-dione (LTS0075400), paeonilactone b (LTS0077303), paeonilactone a (LTS0164953), (3r,3ar,5s,6s,7ar)-5,6-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2-one (LTS0041729).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Carboxylic acids and derivatives là hexyl acetate (LTS0202355).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Cinnamic acids and derivatives là methyl cinnamate (LTS0083574), methyl cinnamate (LTS0222336).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Depsides and depsidones là digallic acid (LTS0019534).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Diarylheptanoids là (2r,3r,4s,5s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6,7-trioxo-3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-2,3,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)heptan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0221105), (3s,4s,5r,6r)-7-hydroxy-1,2,8-trioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-3,5,6-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-1,8-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)octan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0145048), (3s,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)heptane-1,2,7-trione (LTS0104615), (2r,3r,4s,5s)-2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6,7-trioxo-3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-3,5-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)heptan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0093130), (3s,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxy-3,4,5,6,7-pentakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-1,8-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)octane-1,2,8-trione (LTS0238934), (3r,4r,5s,6s)-2-hydroxy-1,7,8-trioxo-2,3,4,5,6-pentakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-3,5,6-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-1,8-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)octan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0014468), (2r,3s,4s,5s)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-7-oxo-2,3,4,5,6-pentakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)heptanal (LTS0099392).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Dibenzylbutane lignans là (3s,4s,5r)-5-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-3,4-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-1,6-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)hexane-1,2,6-trione (LTS0078623).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Dihydrofurans là 2,5-dimethyl-3h-furan-2-carbaldehyde (LTS0206813).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Fatty Acyls là palmitic acid (LTS0079439), phenyl 2-[6,7-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6’-methyl-4’-oxo-tetrahydro-3ah-7’-oxaspiro[[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]pyran-2,9’-tricyclo[4.2.1.0³,⁸]nonan]-1’-yl]acetate (LTS0105733), oleic acid (LTS0256910), citronellyl acetate (LTS0049511), hexanol (LTS0217299), 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (LTS0011393).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Flavonoids là phlorizin chalcone (LTS0160338), trifolin (LTS0267055), gallocatechin gallate (LTS0215651), 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-bis({[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})chromen-4-one (LTS0215496), 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-bis({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})chromen-4-one (LTS0033278), astragalin (LTS0249588).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Heteroaromatic compounds là furfuryl alcohol (LTS0110403).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Lactones là 9-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15-tetramethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.0¹,¹⁵.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁶,¹¹.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-25-one (LTS0059193), (1s,2s,4s,5r,6s,9s,10r,11r,14r,15s,18s,23r)-9-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15-tetramethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.0¹,¹⁵.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁶,¹¹.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-25-one (LTS0159011).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Organooxygen compounds là decanal (LTS0128361), o-acetylphenol (LTS0137584), amyl alcohol (LTS0193146), 4-(methoxymethyl)-8-methyl-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dien-6-one (LTS0133077), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (LTS0241073), (1s,5r)-4-(methoxymethyl)-8-methyl-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dien-6-one (LTS0098190), acetophenone (LTS0155971), oct-4-en-3-one (LTS0112346), 1-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanone (LTS0055876), bran oil (LTS0143969), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (LTS0194563), 1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (LTS0109045), (3r,5r)-1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (LTS0172864), 2-decenal (LTS0199073), (3-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-oxo-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl)methyl benzoate (LTS0141782), (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{2-methoxy-5-[(1e)-prop-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}-6-({[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0152732), (1s,5r)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dien-6-one (LTS0228934), (1r,4s)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (LTS0180055), 3-methoxy-8-methyl-4-methylidene-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-6-one (LTS0184653), jasmone (LTS0205512), 2-[2-methoxy-5-(prop-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy]-6-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0265195), (1s,3r,5r)-3-methoxy-8-methyl-4-methylidene-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-6-one (LTS0034757), p-methoxyacetophenone (LTS0040648), hexanal (LTS0238624), apocynin (LTS0211279), 4-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dien-6-one (LTS0029550), salicylaldehyde (LTS0188793), theogallin (LTS0007361), 2-acetylpyrrole (LTS0001423), 2-methyl-1-butanol (LTS0029080), paeonol (LTS0014950), (1s,3r,4s,5r)-1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (LTS0026827), isoamyl alcohol (LTS0112297).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Oxanes là (2r,4r)-rose oxide (LTS0270571), rose oxide (LTS0036561).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Phenol ethers là elemicin (LTS0188875).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Phenols là eugenol (LTS0052342), o-cresol (LTS0108586), 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone (LTS0139221), m-cresol (LTS0167800), p-cresol (LTS0208715), guaiacol (LTS0179228), phenol (LTS0092642), nonylphenol (LTS0254950).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Prenol lipids là terpineol (LTS0136148), [6-({2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl}oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0118895), 10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carbaldehyde (LTS0047695), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,3r,6s,8s,9s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0136019), 23-hydroxybetulinic acid (LTS0133649), [(1r,2s,3s,5s,6r,8s)-6-methoxy-8-methyl-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0233640), linalool, (+-)- (LTS0128839), [(1r,3r,4r,6s,9s)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-oxo-1-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0083788), paeonin b (LTS0091277), [(1r,3r,6s,8s,9s)-8-{[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methyl-4-oxo-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0076222), paeoniflorin (LTS0030790), [(1r,2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0089245), oleanolic aldehyde (LTS0170906), [(1r,3r,4r,6s)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-8-oxo-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0205924), (e,z)-farnesol (LTS0182151), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-({9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl}oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0174278), [(1r,3r,6r,8s,9s)-1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0043445), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(1r,2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0043234), 10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,14b-dodecahydro-1h-picene-4a-carboxylic acid (LTS0035664), (6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl)methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0120076), 9-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.0¹,¹⁵.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁶,¹¹.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-25-one (LTS0051065), paeonin a (LTS0179840), myrtenal (LTS0202475), (4-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-oxo-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl)methyl benzoate (LTS0205931), [(1s,2s,3r,5s,6r,8s)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-{[(2r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0276151), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1s,2r,3r,6r,8s)-2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0104436), 2-{[6-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0265367), [(1s,6r,8s,9r)-8-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,3r,6r,8s,9s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methyl-4-oxo-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0248395), [(1s,3r,6r,8s,9r)-8-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,3r,6r,8s,9s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methyl-4-oxo-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0140912), 10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid (LTS0139989), citronella (LTS0151257), [(1r,3r,6s,8s,9s)-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0139812), (8-{[6-({2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl}oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methyl-4-oxo-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl)methyl benzoate (LTS0149729), hederagenin (LTS0157813), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,3r,6s,8s,9s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0111716), (1s,2s,4s,5r,6s,9s,11r,14r,15s,18s,23r)-9-hydroxy-6,10,10,14,15,21,21-heptamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.0¹,¹⁵.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁶,¹¹.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-25-one (LTS0147969), (1r,3r,4r,6s,9s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-methyl-8-oxo-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0148908), (8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl)methyl benzoate (LTS0102913), paeonilactinone (LTS0090905), 4-terpineol (LTS0253733), 9-hydroxy-6,10,10,14,15,21,21-heptamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.0¹,¹⁵.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁶,¹¹.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-25-one (LTS0175954), (8-{[6-({9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl}oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methyl-4-oxo-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl)methyl benzoate (LTS0185443), [(1r,3r,4r,6s,9s)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-oxo-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0060664), caryophyllene (LTS0085212), [(2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0255294), nepetalactone (LTS0076639), betulinic acid (LTS0210795), (1s,2s,4s,5r,6s,9s,10r,11r,14r,15s,18s,23r)-9-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.0¹,¹⁵.0²,⁴.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁶,¹¹.0¹⁸,²³]pentacosan-25-one (LTS0054184), (1r,5r)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one (LTS0244296), β-farnesene (LTS0067925), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-({9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl}oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0213875), 9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid (LTS0214300), (4-methoxy-6-methyl-8-oxo-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl)methyl benzoate (LTS0216234), (3s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-methyl-8-oxo-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0063103), 9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-methyl-8-oxo-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0088878), (1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13ar,13bs)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid (LTS0161903), (4as,6as,6br,8ar,10s,12as,12br,14bs)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,14b-dodecahydro-1h-picene-4a-carboxylic acid (LTS0041176), thymol (LTS0168527), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,3r,4r,6s,9s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0211032), (1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl)methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0184760), [(1r,2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0164286), [3-({6-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl}oxy)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0032285), oleanolic acid (LTS0141130), [(1s,2r,5r)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-yl]methanol (LTS0208686), [(2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0158357), neral (LTS0165243), geraniol (LTS0258838), nerolidol isomers (LTS0007569), farnesol (LTS0059667), myrtanol (LTS0126998), (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-6-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0000719), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1s,3s,4r,6s,9s)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0068451), (6-{[(1r,2s,3r,5s,6r,8s)-2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0061316), [(1s,3s,6s,8s,9s)-1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-9-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0002749), carvacrol (LTS0012882), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,4r)-9-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0³,⁹]nonan-1-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0011224), nerol (LTS0244289), [(3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methyl-14-oxo-2,7,9,13-tetraoxapentacyclo[8.7.0.0¹,¹⁵.0³,⁸.0¹²,¹⁶]heptadecan-15-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0239959), citronellol, (+-)- (LTS0090925), (6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl)methyl benzoate (LTS0025083), [(1s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (LTS0032132), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[(2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0049577), [(1s,2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-3-({6-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl}oxy)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0269298), α-citral (LTS0246122), [(1r,2r,5s)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-yl]methanol (LTS0104092), oleanolic acid (LTS0117717).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Pyridines and derivatives là 2-pyridone (LTS0067108).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Saturated hydrocarbons là decane (LTS0045828), hexane (LTS0209095).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Steroids and steroid derivatives là 1,7-dihydroxy-3a,3b,6,6,9a-pentamethyl-4h,5h,5ah,7h,8h,9h,9bh-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-2,3-dione (LTS0154968), palbinone (LTS0231493), 30-norhederagenin (LTS0177801), 10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6a,6b,9,12a-tetramethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid (LTS0208965).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Stilbenes là resveratroloside (LTS0230853), resveratrol (LTS0256677).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Tannins là (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2,3,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl 2-[(14s,15s,19s)-14-[(10s,11r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0197464), (14s,15r,19r)-14-[(10r,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1(18),2,4,6,8,10-hexaene-12,17-dione (LTS0195171), (2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-{[(1r,2s,3r,5r,6r,8s)-2-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.0²,⁵.0³,⁸]decan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0218228), methyl 2-[(14r,15s,19s)-14-[(10s,11r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0136801), β-glucogallin (LTS0193705), methyl 2-[(14r,15r,19r)-14-[(10r,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0085561), 4,5,6-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-(14-{3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl}-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0074383), (2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-[(14r,15r,19s)-14-[(10s,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0069476), (2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-2,3,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl 2-[(14s,15r,19r)-14-[(10s,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0088361), 14-{3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl}-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1(18),2,4,6,8,10-hexaene-12,17-dione (LTS0090883), [3,4,5,6-tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 2-(14-{3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl}-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0035858), (2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0117581), (14s,15s,19s)-14-[(10r,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1(18),2,4,6,8,10-hexaene-12,17-dione (LTS0273104), 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0274683), 3,4,5,13,21,22,23-heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-12-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]tricosa-1(23),2(7),3,5,19,21-hexaen-11-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0159314), 3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]docosa-1(22),2(7),3,5,18,20-hexaene-8,17-dione (LTS0149934), [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 2-[(14r,15r,19s)-14-[(10s,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0142422), (2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0164547), (10s,11r,12r,13s,15r)-3,4,5,11,12,21,22,23-octahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]tricosa-1(23),2(7),3,5,19,21-hexaen-13-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0233186), (10r,11s,12r,13r,15r)-3,4,5,13,21,22,23-heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]tricosa-1(23),2(7),3,5,19,21-hexaen-12-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0229223), methyl 2-[(14s,15s,19r)-14-[(10r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0168547), 3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0104575), (10r,11s,12r,15r)-3,4,5,13,21,22,23-heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]tricosa-1(23),2(7),3,5,19,21-hexaen-12-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0087023), (10r,11s,12r,13s,15r)-3,4,5,21,22,23-hexahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-12,13-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]tricosa-1(23),2(7),3,5,19,21-hexaen-11-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0067445), 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,6-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0232193), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0216134), casuarictin (LTS0241644), 3,4,5,21,22,23-hexahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-12,13-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]tricosa-1(23),2(7),3,5,19,21-hexaen-11-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0007322), 3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0226232), 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0063924), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-[(14s,15s,19r)-14-[(10r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0195224), methyl 2-(14-{3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl}-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0053442), (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-[(14s,15s,19r)-14-[(10r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0054494), (10r,11s,12s,13r,15s)-3,4,5,11,12,21,22,23-octahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]tricosa-1(23),2(7),3,5,19,21-hexaen-13-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0251367), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 2-[(14s,15s,19r)-14-[(10r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0055793), (1r,2s,19r,22r)-7,8,9,12,13,14,20,28,29,30,33,34,35-tridecahydroxy-3,18,21,24,39-pentaoxaheptacyclo[20.17.0.0²,¹⁹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹¹,¹⁶.0²⁶,³¹.0³²,³⁷]nonatriaconta-5(10),6,8,11,13,15,26(31),27,29,32,34,36-dodecaene-4,17,25,38-tetrone (LTS0137167), 7,8,9,12,13,14,28,29,30,33,34,35-dodecahydroxy-4,17,25,38-tetraoxo-3,18,21,24,39-pentaoxaheptacyclo[20.17.0.0²,¹⁹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹¹,¹⁶.0²⁶,³¹.0³²,³⁷]nonatriaconta-5,7,9,11(16),12,14,26,28,30,32(37),33,35-dodecaen-20-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0009009), mudanpioside e (LTS0024857), (2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-[(14s,15r,19s)-14-[(10r,11r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0124940), 2,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-(14-{3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl}-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0011205), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2,3,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl 2-[(14s,15s,19r)-14-[(10r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0020493), (1r,2s,19r,20r,22r)-7,8,9,12,13,14,20,28,29,30,33,34,35-tridecahydroxy-3,18,21,24,39-pentaoxaheptacyclo[20.17.0.0²,¹⁹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹¹,¹⁶.0²⁶,³¹.0³²,³⁷]nonatriaconta-5(10),6,8,11,13,15,26(31),27,29,32,34,36-dodecaene-4,17,25,38-tetrone (LTS0092963), 2,3,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl 2-(14-{3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl}-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0237199), 5-hydroxy-3,4-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0023424), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-[(14s,15r,19r)-14-[(10r,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0226944), (10r,11r,13r,14r,15s)-3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]docosa-1(18),2,4,6,19,21-hexaene-8,17-dione (LTS0033259), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-5-hydroxy-3,4-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0130248), (2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl 2-[(14s,15r,19s)-14-[(10r,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0107030), (14r,15s,19r)-14-[(10r,11r)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1(18),2,4,6,8,10-hexaene-12,17-dione (LTS0041901), (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0243221), [(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 2-[(14s,15r,19r)-14-[(10s,11s)-3,4,5,11,17,18,19-heptahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷]nonadeca-1(15),2,4,6,16,18-hexaen-10-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹¹]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-19-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0044918).